HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):
Work: Used for transmitting hypertext over the internet.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 80
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure):
Work: Similar to HTTP but with added security through SSL/TLS encryption.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 443
FTP (File Transfer Protocol):
Full Form: File Transfer Protocol
Work: Used for transferring files between a client and a server on a network.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Ports: 20 (data), 21 (control)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
Work: Used for sending emails between servers on the internet.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 25
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3):
Work: Used for retrieving emails from a mail server to a client device.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 110
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol):
Work: Similar to POP3 but allows users to view and manipulate messages on a mail server without downloading them.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 143
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):
Work: A suite of protocols for communication between devices on a network, including the internet.
OSI Layer: Transport Layer (Layer 4)
DNS (Domain Name System):
Work: Resolves domain names to IP addresses, enabling users to access websites using human-readable names.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 53
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):
Work: Dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration information to devices on a network.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 67/68
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol):
Work: Used for managing and monitoring network devices.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 161/162
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol):
Work: Used for error reporting and diagnostics in IP networks.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
SSH (Secure Shell):
Work: Provides a secure way to access and control devices over a potentially insecure network.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 22
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol):
Work: Used for reading and posting Usenet articles.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 119
NTP (Network Time Protocol):
Work: Synchronizes the clocks of devices on a network.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 123
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol):
Work: Provides a way to access and maintain directory information services.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 389
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol):
Work: Allows users to connect to a remote desktop over a network.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 3389
SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol):
Work: Provides secure file transfer over a network.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 22 (uses SSH)
Telnet: (Telecommunication Network)
Work: Allows users to remotely access another computer.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 23
SMTPS (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secure):
Work: A secure version of SMTP that uses encryption for email transmission.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 465
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security):
Work: Secures communication over an IP network by authenticating and encrypting data.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol):
Work: Creates a virtual private network (VPN) over the internet.
OSI Layer: Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol):
Work: Routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems on the internet.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
Default Port: 179
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol):
Work: Used for initiating, maintaining, modifying, and terminating real-time sessions that involve video, voice, messaging, and other communications applications and services.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 5060
RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol):
Full Form: Real-time Transport Protocol
Work: Used for delivering audio and video over IP networks.
OSI Layer: Transport Layer (Layer 4)
Default Port: 5004-5005
RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol):
Full Form: Real Time Streaming Protocol
Work: Used for controlling the delivery of multimedia content over the internet.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 554
HTTPS (HTTP Secure):
Work: Similar to HTTP but with added security through SSL/TLS encryption.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 443
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol):
Work: Prevents loops in bridged or switched networks by dynamically calculating which bridge or switch ports to block.
OSI Layer: Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
Default Port: Not applicable (operates at the data link layer)
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol):
Work: Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network.
OSI Layer: Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
Default Port: Not applicable (operates at the data link layer)
NAT (Network Address Translation):
Full Form: Network Address Translation
Work: Translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses, allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP address.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
IRDP (Internet Router Discovery Protocol):
Work: Used to discover routers on a local network.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
Default Port: Not applicable (operates at the network layer)
DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions):
Work: Enhances DNS security by adding cryptographic signatures to DNS data.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 53 (same as DNS)
DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point):
Work: Specifies packet priority and classification for Quality of Service (QoS) in IP networks.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
Default Port: Not applicable (operates at the network layer)
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol):
Work: Manages host memberships in multicast groups on a network.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
Default Port: Not applicable (operates at the network layer)
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol):
Work: Provides a way to access and maintain directory information services.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 389
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol):
Work: Creates a virtual private network (VPN) over the internet.
OSI Layer: Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
Default Port: 1723
L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol):
Work: Creates a secure tunnel for the transmission of data between networks.
OSI Layer: Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
Default Port: 1701
IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange):
Full Form: Internetwork Packet Exchange
Work: Network layer protocol used primarily in Novell NetWare environments.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
Default Port: Not applicable (operates at the network layer)
RIP (Routing Information Protocol):
Full Form: Routing Information Protocol
Work: Dynamic routing protocol used to exchange routing information within an autonomous system.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
Default Port: 520
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer):
Full Form: Secure Sockets Layer
Work: Provides secure communication over a computer network using encryption.
OSI Layer: Presentation Layer (Layer 6)
Default Port: 443
TLS (Transport Layer Security):
Work: Successor to SSL, used for secure communication over a computer network.
OSI Layer: Presentation Layer (Layer 6)
Default Port: 443
VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol):
Work: Provides high availability by allowing multiple routers to work together in order to avoid network downtime.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
Default Port: Not applicable (operates at the network layer)
BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection):
Work: Detects link failures between routers and provides faster convergence in network topologies.
OSI Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)
Default Port: Not applicable (operates at the network layer)
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service):
Work: Provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for users trying to access a network.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 1812 (Authentication), 1813 (Accounting)
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol):
Work: Simple protocol used for transferring files with minimal security features.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 69
SMB (Server Message Block):
Work: A network protocol for file and printer sharing, commonly used in Windows environments.
OSI Layer: Presentation Layer (Layer 6)
Default Port: 445
LDAP (Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol):
Full Form: Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol
Work: Used for the transmission of frames between network devices.
OSI Layer: Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
Default Port: Not applicable (operates at the data link layer)
H.323:
Work: A standard for real-time audio, video, and data communication over packet-switched networks.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 1720
NFS (Network File System):
Work: Allows a client to access files over a network as if the files were local.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 2049
HTTP/2: Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2
Work: The successor to HTTP/1.x, designed to improve the performance of web applications.
OSI Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)
Default Port: 80 (cleartext), 443 (encrypted)