Solution

Explanation

Arduino microcontrollers typically come with a combination of digital and analog input/output (I/O) ports. Digital ports are used for reading or writing digital signals (high or low), while analog ports can read analog signals and provide a higher resolution for certain types of sensors.

Here's a breakdown of the types of ports available on most Arduino boards:

Digital Input/Output Ports:

• These ports are marked with numbers (e.g., D2, D3, etc.).
  
• They can be used for both digital input (reading high or low signals) and digital output (writing high or low signals).
• They are commonly used for interfacing with digital sensors, controlling LEDs, and more.

Analog Input Ports:

• These ports are marked with an 'A' followed by a number (e.g., A0, A1, etc.).
  
• They are primarily used for reading analog signals from sensors (e.g., potentiometers, light sensors).
• Despite being labeled as analog, these ports can also be used as digital inputs or outputs.

PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Ports:

• Some digital ports also support PWM, which allows you to simulate analog output by varying the duty cycle of a digital signal.
  
• PWM-capable pins are often marked with a "~" symbol on Arduino boards.

Specialized Ports:

• Arduino boards may have additional specialized ports for specific functions (e.g., Serial communication, I2C, SPI).