Solution

Explanation

The transport layer in the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is responsible for ensuring the reliable and efficient communication between two devices across a network. There are two widely used transport layer protocols:

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

• TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between devices.
• It establishes a connection before data transfer and ensures that the data arrives intact and in the correct order.
• TCP is widely used for applications where data integrity is crucial, such as web browsing, file transfer (FTP), email (SMTP), and more.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP):

• UDP is a connectionless protocol that provides a faster but less reliable way of communication compared to TCP.
• It does not establish a connection before sending data, and it does not guarantee delivery or order of packets.
• UDP is often used in situations where real-time communication is more critical, such as streaming media, online gaming, and DNS (Domain Name System).

Both TCP and UDP operate at the transport layer (Layer 4) of the OSI model and serve different purposes based on the requirements of the application. The choice between TCP and UDP depends on factors such as the nature of the data, reliability requirements, and the specific needs of the application.