Explanation
When a computer is booted, the process involves loading the operating system and other essential programs into the main memory (RAM) to enable the computer to execute tasks. The component responsible for loading these instructions or programs into memory is called a "loader."
So, the instructions or programs loaded into main memory during the boot process are managed by a loader. The loader is part of the operating system and is responsible for loading the necessary system files and programs from the storage (such as a hard drive) into the RAM so that the central processing unit (CPU) can execute them.
The other options are not accurate in the context of the programs loaded during the boot process:
- Internal commands typically refer to commands built into the operating system and are not specifically related to the loading of programs during boot.
- External commands are commands issued by users or programs after the system has booted, and they are not specifically responsible for loading programs during boot.
- Utility programs are software tools that perform specific tasks, but they are not specifically responsible for loading essential programs during the boot process.