Real-time processing
Connectivity and data exchange capability
Low power consumption
Use of sensors
Cloud server
Communication protocol
Physical device capable of sensing/actuating
Mobile application
Sensors
Connectivity
Blockchain
Data Processing
Data collection
Data storage
Physical action execution
Network routing
Smart Agriculture
Smart Parking
Autonomous Vehicles
Weather Monitoring
Data encryption
Object identification and tracking
Data analytics
Wireless charging
Application Layer
Perception Layer
Business Layer
Processing Layer
Client-Server
Publish-Subscribe
Peer-to-Peer
Request-Response
FTP
HTTP
CoAP
SMTP
TCP
UDP
SCTP
ICMP
Encryption
Unlimited bandwidth
Large address space
Error correction
Device-to-Cloud
Device-to-Human
Human-to-Human
Cloud-to-Cloud only
Zigbee
Telnet
ARP
Actuator only
Sensor only
Sensor and actuator combination
Gateway device
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
Satellite Communication
DSL
Ethernet
Security
Network latency
Sensor accuracy
Battery life
M2M
GUI
OCR
VPN
MQTT
LoRaWAN
User authentication only
Protocol translation and data aggregation
Sensor calibration
Actuator control only
BLE
Wi-Fi
Industrial IoT
Consumer IoT
Medical IoT
Agricultural IoT
Temperature Sensor
Humidity Sensor
Motor
RFID Tag
4
5
6
7
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Internet Layer
Transport Layer
Network Access Layer
Connectionless communication
Reliable communication
Broadcast communication only
Unreliable communication
Higher reliability
Lower overhead
Error correction capability
Built-in security
Data Link Layer
Long-range communication
High-bandwidth video transmission
Low-power mesh networking
Satellite communication
Short-range communication
Low-power wide-area networking
Video conferencing
Wired communication
NFC
Cellular
POP3
Application
Internet
Transport
Network Access
IP Address
MAC Address
URL
Port Number
Physical Address
Bus Address
Simplex
Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Broadcast
Moisture Sensor
LDR
PIR Sensor
Ultrasonic Sensor
Light Digital Receiver
Light Dark Resistor
Light Dependent Resistor
Light Data Recorder
Measuring Temperature
Detecting Motion
Measuring Pressure
Detecting Moisture
IR Sensor
Gas Sensor
Temperature only
Humidity only
Temperature and Humidity
Pressure and Humidity
Solenoid
Relay
DC Motor
LED
Sensing Temperature
Switching High-Power Loads
Measuring Current
Storing Data
Servo Motor
Stepper Motor
DHT11
ATmega328P
ESP8266
STM32F103
PIC16F877A
8051
AT89C51
PIC
AVR
STM32
MSP430
Intel
Atmel
IBM
AMD
Microcontroller contains memory and peripherals on-chip
Microprocessor contains sensors
Microcontroller has no CPU
Microprocessor cannot process data
General Purpose Input Output
General Processing Input Output
Global Port Interface Output
General Program Interface Object
Stop Program Permanently
Handle Immediate Events
Increase Memory Size
Reduce Voltage
Solenoid Valve
Script
Sketch
Module
Package
loop()
start()
setup()
init()
execute()
begin()
run()
Ctrl + C
Ctrl + R
Ctrl + U
Ctrl + V
Compile code
Display serial communication data
Burn bootloader
Debug hardware only
Serial.begin()
Serial.start()
Serial.init()
Serial.open()
4800
9600
19200
38400
2temp
float
temp_2
temp-value
<>
!=
^=
~=
&&
||
!
^^
for
while
do-while
nested for
while(1)
for(;;)
Both A and B
None
skip
pass
continue
break
Serial.input()
Serial.println()
Serial.readln()
Serial.show()
Digital Pin
Analog Pin
PWM Pin Only
Ground Pin
D0-D13
P0-P5
A0-A5
X0-X5
0–255
0–1023
0–4095
0–65535
digitalWrite()
analogRead()
analogWrite()
pinMode()
Capacitor
Diode
Resistor
Moisture
Sound
Light Intensity
Temperature
Air Quality Monitoring
Distance Measurement
Humidity Detection
Motion Detection
LiquidCrystal.h
LCD16x2.h
Display.h
LCD.h
Data is modified only by authorized users
Data remains available at all times
Data is accessible only to authorized entities
Data is stored permanently
Integrity
Availability
Authentication
Privacy
DDoS
Man-in-the-Middle
Brute Force
SQL Injection
Transport Layer Security
Trusted Link Service
Technical Layer Standard
Transmission Link Security
Replay Attack
Brute Force Attack
Sniffing
Spoofing
Digital Signature
Compression
Multiplexing
Encoding
Virtual Private Network
Variable Processing Network
Verified Private Node
Virtual Public Node
Machine Learning
DNS
Routing
Deep Learning
Sorting
Hashing
Scheduling
Edge Computing
Centralized Processing
Batch Processing
Manual Processing
Knowing others' strengths
Understanding one's own strengths and weaknesses
Managing finances
Public speaking ability
Heredity
Environment
Experience
Financial Status
Ability to sleep well
Internal drive to achieve goals
Knowledge of technology
Speaking loudly
Arrogance
Self-confidence
Laziness
Fearfulness
Confidence always
Nervousness or lack of control
Leadership only
Professionalism only
Better confidence and performance
Increased fear
Poor communication
Low productivity
Salary Increase
Bonus
Personal Satisfaction
Promotion
To-do List
Calculator
Manager
Pune
Anxiety
Fatigue
Improved concentration always
Irritability
Rules of polite behavior
Technical knowledge
Physical fitness
Intelligence level
Confusion
Understanding
Criticism
Entertainment only
Verbal Communication
Written Communication
Non-verbal Communication
Digital Communication
Listening
Arguing
Interrupting
Ignoring Questions
Slouched Posture
Avoiding Eye Contact
Upright Posture
Fidgeting